Set among the bleak row houses of Depression-eraLiverpool, Stephen Frears's new film, Liam, is yet another sepia-tinted tale of a cute, dimpled Catholic boy (played here by Anthony Burrows) whose diet consists mostly of bread, potatoes, and interminable school sermons that promise only hellfire and damnation. "What does sin do?" his teacher asks in a typical lesson, at once stern and somehow excited. "It drives the nails deeper into the hands of Christ!" She smiles serenely as she offers this warning, and all the boys stare up at her, too credulous to speak.
The rhetorical Grand Guignol of a strict Catholic-school education has, ofcourse, provided seriocomic fodder for writers from James Joyce to Frank McCourt;and Frears and his screenwriter, Jimmy McGovern, do a spirited job of thrustingus inside the revved-up religious imagination of their little hero. They let usexperience the loopy hyperbole of the schoolmarm's threats from the child'sdumbstruck perspective, and the results are at once funny and disturbing. Mrs.Abernathy may beam maternally at her charges as she threatens them (Anne Reiddoes a pitch-perfect job with this cartoonish part), but her diatribe is in facthorrible. In a sense, she's damaging them for life.
For all his teacher's pious browbeating, though, Liam appears to be a happykid. In the ecstatic opening scenes--which also owe a debt to theautobiographical films of Terence Davies, another Liverpudlian Catholic--he andhis older sister spy on their parents and friends during a drunken New Year's Eveparty, and Frears makes us feel palpably Liam's excitement, indeed his totalbliss, at seeing his mother (Claire Hackett) and father (Ian Hart) so contented.Later, the same intense thrill seems to sweep over him when, as a reward for anerrand well run, his mother presents him with a thick slice of bread smeared withjam, or when he's given the grave responsibility of ringing the school bell toend recess.
But Liam's life is not just sweet snacks and parties. He also suffers from asevere stutter; as the film goes on and the adults around him grow increasinglyvociferous, the source of his speech impediment becomes plain. Besides themoralizing drone of his teacher and priest, the din of political speechessurrounds him, with Communists and Fascists vying for the allegiance ofLiverpool's poor. And his parents argue more and harder as their financialsituation worsens. The child's stammer makes emotional sense in this context (hecan hardly get a word in edgewise), as it also works to spare us one of thosedreadful when-I-was-a-boy voice-overs that are usually par for the course in suchperiod pieces. Liam is blessedly mute throughout most of the proceedings, asuper-absorbent sponge to the various passion plays unfolding around him. Likemovie, like hero: The child is as small and sensitive as the film that bears hisname.
All of which is a rather roundabout way of saying that Liam exemplifies the best of a certain dubious brand of middlebrow cinema. This is the sort of well-made, thoughtful, basically undemanding melodrama that counts as art in the speeded-up, dumbed-down American context--though only for a host of negative reasons. That is, it isn't full of gratuitous blood and gore; the image doesn't cut away every few seconds; the film wasn't made in Hollywood. At the same time, though Liam does afford a kind of sentimental satisfaction (the sight of the tiny child squinting his eyes and pursing his lips as he strains to speak moved me even on a second viewing) and though we may appreciate the director's humanism, some viewers are bound to wonder, as I did, if such conscientious craftsmanship and dutiful yet uninspired attention to character development are enough to float a so-called serious film. The same viewers are also likely to wince, as I winced, at the saccharine soundtrack. Frears's work here looks and sounds an awful lot like De Sica extralite.
Frears and McGovern do in fact have bigger plans for their film. But as soonas the script ventures beyond the limited bounds of Liam's own tenderperspective, it runs into trouble. When the teenage daughter, Teresa (MeganBurns), goes to work as a servant in the house of a rich Jewish family, all kindsof unexpected emotions are stirred up in and around her, and the film begins toteeter precariously on the edge of anti-Semitic stereotype. Frears has made apoint recently of giving interviews in which he talks about his belated discoverythat he is Jewish, so perhaps the word "anti-Semitic" isn't right; maybe "naive"better describes his view of the Jews, who are represented in Liam by a regular Protocols of the Elders of Zion menagerie of landlords and bosses and pawnbrokers, albeit nice ones. The use of such crook-nosed, well-off stock types is obviously meant by the filmmakers to demonstrate the pitfalls of prejudice, but Frears and McGovern don't do a very good job of distinguishing the characters' questionable tendency to generalize from their own.
The father, meanwhile, loses his work at the shipyard and undergoes a slow buttotal transformation from mildmannered family man to frustrated job hunter toseething scapegoat seeker to enraged Blackshirt. This is not the first time thatIan Hart has portrayed a 1930s working-class Englishman, hungry for politicalanswers: He played an Orwell-styled Republican volunteer in Ken Loach's SpanishCivil War picture Land and Freedom. And once again, in Liam, his doughy complexion, tight jaw, and gaunt frame suggest the presence of a sort of ideological tapeworm eating at his insides. He conveys credibly the way a man like this would travel to such extremes.
For a while, it's possible to imagine the steeper and more sophisticated moviethat Liam might have been if the father's passage from good man to monster had been explored as something more than a textbook case of the birth of a Fascist. Hart's coiled performance does at least provide flashes of this other, mirage-like film, but they fade out just as soon as we glimpse them. Had Frears managed, for instance, to penetrate more deeply into the little boy's own perplexed yet loving view of his father's metamorphosis, the film might have achieved a greater level of psychological complexity and feeling. The yawning, even uncrossable gap that separates the world of adults from the world of children is, after all, one of the great themes. Liam's instinctive response to his parents' problems--paired with our creeping sense of the unwitting ways that these adults harm their children, even as they're straining to protect them--should be the real subject of this movie. Though he is too young and uncomprehending to grasp much of what's going on around him, Liam can't avoid being traumatized, or at least affected deeply, by all he witnesses.
Yet throughout the film, the boy remains a bit too oblivious to what's goingon, as Frears prefers to let him pass his time looking adorable in a red bow tieand wondering why his mother has hair down there. In the end, Liam may strike us as sort of sweet, which is exactly its problem.
If Frears's film is meant to convey the dangerous lure ofideology, Lukas Moodysson's Together is all about its charms. In this, his second feature-length movie, the 32-year-old Swedish director adopts a gentle approach to depicting another politically fraught era. Together is a semicomic and altogether endearing portrait of a free-loving Stockholm commune in 1975. Like Frears, Moodysson uses children as his eyes onto this far-off (or, as the case may be, far-out) scene. Following the lead of the kids themselves--an angry little boy and a sullen adolescent girl who have fled their abusive, alcoholic father with their mother to live with their uncle and his hippie friends in a big house filled with posters of Che Guevera--the audience remains at a skeptical remove from much of the rhetoric that holds sway in the commune. But like the children, the audience is also won over slowly--not by the knee-jerk grandstanding that takes place at the dinner table, but by the warm and often startling relationships that evolve in the course of the film between the most unlikely characters.
At first, we may worry that Together is poised to take shape as yet another snide dressing-down of the idealism of an earlier age. Contemporary American movies, from Barton Fink to Pleasantville, have prepared us to expect this sort of cynical, more-enlightened-than-thou way of thinking about now-unfashionable worldviews. (Or its flip side, a toothlessly apolitical, BigChill-styled nostalgia.) In the early scenes, there is something a touch snickery about Moodysson's ironic approach to the backdrop. Our first glimpse of the commune members, for instance, comes as they hear on the radio that Franco has died. They hug and grin and gush at one another as if they were evangelical Christians who'd just gotten wind of the Second Coming.
To his credit, though, Moodysson has something at once more complicated andless dismissive in mind. Together is distinguished throughout by his overwhelming affection for all of his people--from the radical commune members to their straitlaced, moralizing neighbors to the abusive husband. And the director is canny enough to spread his irreverence around in the same generous way that he does his understanding.
As Elisabeth, the battered wife, starts mimicking the militant feminism of oneof the other commune members and vows to burn her bra and stop shaving herarmpits, it's a bit hard to believe that her new persona will stick in itsradical entirety. She's too fond of things like blue eye-shadow and clingypolyester sweaters. But Moodysson doesn't write off the subtler, lasting shiftsthat this new awareness might mean for such a woman and her life. She alsoannounces that she's tired of being a housewife and plans to get a job. On thisfront, we believe her. The film is about wanting to believe.
